12 results
Ice flow dynamics and surface meltwater flux at a land-terminating sector of the Greenland ice sheet
- Andrew A.W. Fitzpatrick, Alun Hubbard, Ian Joughin, Duncan J. Quincey, Dirk Van As, Andreas P.B. Mikkelsen, Samuel H. Doyle, Bent Hasholt, Glenn A. Jones
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- Journal:
- Journal of Glaciology / Volume 59 / Issue 216 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2017, pp. 687-696
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We present satellite-derived velocity patterns for the two contrasting melt seasons of 2009–10 across Russell Glacier catchment, a western, land-terminating sector of the Greenland ice sheet which encompasses the K(angerlussuaq)-transect. Results highlight great spatial heterogeneity in flow, indicating that structural controls such as bedrock geometry govern ice discharge into individual outlet troughs. Results also reveal strong seasonal flow variability extending 57 km up-glacier to 1200 m elevation, with the largest acceleration (100% over 11 days) occurring within 10 km of the margin coincident with spring melt. By late July 2010, 2 weeks before peak melt and runoff, 48 % of the 2400 km2 catchment had slowed to less than the winter mean. This observation supports the hypothesis that the subglacial hydrological system evolves from an inefficient distributed to an efficient drainage system, regulating flow dynamics. Despite this, the cumulative surface flux over the record melt year of 2010 was still greater compared with the perturbation over the average melt year of 2009. This study supports the proposition that local surface meltwater runoff couples to basal hydrology driving ice-sheet dynamics, and although the effect is nonlinear, our observations indicate that greater meltwater runoff yields increased net flux over this sector of the ice sheet.
Letter to the Editor: Job strain and clinical depression
- S. Mikkelsen, J. H. Andersen, J. P. Bonde, Å. M. Hansen, H. Kolstad, J. F. Thomsen
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 48 / Issue 2 / January 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 June 2017, pp. 347-348
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Effects of Soil Calcium and pH on Seed Germination and Subsequent Growth of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)
- Gary L. Pierce, Stuart L. Warren, Robert L. Mikkelsen, H. Michael Linker
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / June 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 421-424
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Large crabgrass is a problem weed in horticultural crops, particularly in turfgrass in the southeastern United States. If growth of large crabgrass could be suppressed via soil pH or calcium levels, control of this weed in turfgrass might be improved while minimizing herbicide usage. To determine the effect of soil calcium and pH on germination and growth of large crabgrass, seeds were sown in a loamy sand soil amended with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) that established a range of soil pH from 4.8 to 7.8. Seeds were also sown in soil amended similarly with calcium sulfate (CaSO4), which does not affect pH, that established a range of exchangeable Ca levels corresponding to the Ca range in CaCO3 from pH 4.8 to 7.8. Seed germination of large crabgrass was unaffected by pH when soil was amended with CaCO3, whereas seed germination decreased with increasing pH when soil was amended with MgCO3. Crabgrass germination was not affected by Ca (CaSO4) independent of pH changes. Increasing soil pH reduced shoot and root dry weights of seedlings regardless of material used to raise pH. Maximum shoot dry weights occurred at pH 4.8 in the unamended soil, whereas maximum root dry weights occurred at ranges from pH 5.8 to 6.3 for CaCO3 and pH 5.3 to 5.8 for MgCO3. Shoot and root dry weights were not affected by Ca when soil was amended with CaSO4. By raising soil pH levels, the growth of large crabgrass and its ability to compete with turfgrass may be reduced. Raising exchangeable Ca does not appear to be an effective management tool for control of this weed species.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Smoking Habits and Beliefs About Smoking in Elderly Patients With COPD During Hospitalisation
- Nina H. Bjarnason, Kim L. Mikkelsen, Philip Tønnesen
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- Journal:
- Journal of Smoking Cessation / Volume 5 / Issue 1 / 01 June 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2012, pp. 15-21
- Print publication:
- 01 June 2010
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To study beliefs about smoking and COPD, and motivation for smoking discontinuation we recruited 100 COPD patients during admission for exacerbation. They were asked about motivation to quit smoking and about disease understanding. We compared their survival with that of 324 COPD patients and with survival of age-matched Danes. Forty-five smokers, 50 ex-smokers and five never-smokers were included. Mean value of age was 77.5 years, number of years smoking was 51.8, and FEV1 was 0.79 L. Most patients were not certain about the association between smoking and COPD. Only 16% thought that their smoking had caused COPD and 24% thought that they would not suffer from COPD, had they not smoked. Three out of the six motivation questions could be included in a mutual quantitative scale (alpha = 0.76). Thirty per cent (r = 0.55, p = .005) of the variation in the motivation scale score was explained by number of years with smoking (negative association), number of cigarettes smoked per day (positive association) and BMI (negative association). Mortality was lower than in the reference population (RR = 0.63, p = .005), but higher than in age-matched Danes. Many patients are not certain about the association between smoking and COPD. We developed a smoking cessation motivation scale based on three questions.
Turbulent diffusion in two-dimensional, strongly magnetized plasmas
- H. L. Pécseli, T. Mikkelsen
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- Journal:
- Journal of Plasma Physics / Volume 34 / Issue 1 / August 1985
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 March 2009, pp. 77-94
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Particle diffusion is investigated in a strictly two-dimensional collisionless guiding-centre model for a strongly magnetized plasma. An analytical expression is presented for the entire time variation of the mean square test-particle displacement in the limit of low-frequency, strongly turbulent, electric field fluctuations. The analysis relies on an explicit integral expression for the Lagrangian autocorrelation function in terms of the Eulerian wavenumber spectrum and a time-varying weight function. Bohm diffusion is discussed by means of a simple model spectrum. The analysis applies for turbulent transport associated with electrostatic convective cells, magnetostatic cells and drift wave turbulence with the assumption of local homogeneity and isotropy in two dimensions.
Calculating the consequences of recovery, a European model for inhabited areas
- J. Barescut, T. W. Charnock, J. A. Jones, L. N. Singer, K. G. Andersson, J. Roed, Thykier-Nielsen, T. Mikkelsen, P. Astrup, J. C. Kaiser, H. Müller, G. Pröhl, W. Raskob, S. C. Hoe, L. H. Jacobsen, L. Schou-Jensen, F. Gering
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- Journal:
- Radioprotection / Volume 44 / Issue 5 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 June 2009, pp. 407-412
- Print publication:
- 2009
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The European Model for Inhabited Areas (ERMIN) was developed to allow a user to explore different recovery options following the contamination of an urban environment with radioactive material and to refine an appropriate strategy for the whole region affected. The input data include a description of the environment, initial deposition of radionuclides on to a reference surface and a description of countermeasures. Output information includes the average doses to members of the public from external exposure to gamma and beta radiation from deposited radionuclides and inhalation of resuspended radioactivity, the contamination on urban surfaces, the activity concentration in air from resuspension, the doses to workers undertaking the recovery work, the quantity and activity of waste generated and the cost and work required to implement the countermeasure. ERMIN has been designed to be implemented as a tool that supports the approach of decision-makers and allows the area to be broken down into smaller regions where different conditions prevail and different countermeasure packages are enacted.
5 - Complex fluids
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- By I. Aranson, D. Blair, P. Vorobieff, G. Metcalfe, T. Shinbrot, J. J. McCarthy, J. M. Ottino, J. S. Olafsen, J. S. Urbach, R. Mikkelsen, M. Versluis, E. Koene, G.-W. van der Bruggert, D. Lohse, M. Tirumkudulu, A. Tripathi, A. Acrivos, J. H. Walther, S.-S. Lee, P. Koumoutsakos, I. Eames, S. B. Dalziel, S. L. Anna, H. Spiegelberg, G. H. McKinley
- M. Samimy, Ohio State University, K. S. Breuer, Brown University, Rhode Island, L. G. Leal, University of California, Santa Barbara, P. H. Steen, Cornell University, New York
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- Book:
- A Gallery of Fluid Motion
- Published online:
- 25 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 12 January 2004, pp 54-62
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Summary
Interface motion in a vibrated granular layer
Granular materials are now recognized as a distinct state of matter, and studies of their behavior form a fascinating interdisciplinary branch of science. The intrinsic dissipative nature of the interactions between the constituent macroscopic particles gives rise to several basic properties specific to granular substances, setting granular matter apart from the conventional gaseous, liquid, or solid states.
Thin layers of granular materials subjected to vertical vibration exhibit a diversity of patterns. The particular pattern is determined by the interplay between driving frequency f and the acceleration amplitude Γ. Interfaces in vibrated granular layers, existing for large enough amplitude of vibration, separate large domains of flat layers oscillating with opposite phase. These two phases are related to the period-doubling character of the flat layer motion at large plate acceleration. Interfaces are either smooth or “decorated” by periodic undulations depending on parameters of vibration. An additional subharmonic driving results in a controlled displacement of the interface with respect to the center of the experimental cell. The speed and the direction of the interface motion are sensitive to the phase and amplitude of the subharmonic driving.
The image sequence above shows interface nucleation and propagation towards the center of the cell, with dimensionless time tf labeled in each image. The interface forms at the right side wall of the cell due to small-amplitude phase-shifted subharmonic driving. After the additional driving stops, the interface moves towards the center, creating small-scale localized structures in the process.
Effect of fermented liquid food and zinc bacitracin on microbial metabolism in the gut and sensoric profile of m. longissimus dorsi from entire male and female pigs
- L. L. Hansen, L. L. Mikkelsen, H. Agerhem, A. Laue, M. T. Jensen, B. B. Jensen
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- Journal:
- Animal Science / Volume 71 / Issue 1 / August 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 August 2016, pp. 65-80
- Print publication:
- August 2000
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The aim of this work in pigs was to evaluate the effect of fermented liquid food (FLF) and the combination of FLF plus short-term addition of an antibiotic food additive zinc bacitracin (FLF + ZB) compared with fed non-pelleted dry food (NPDF), on microbial metabolism in the gut and the effects on flavour and odour attributes and profiles of pig meat as well as boar odour from entire male and female pigs.
At an average start weight of 60 kg, 108 pigs (54 males and 54 females) were equally allocated to three treatments according to pen-replicate, litter and sex. Microbial metabolism in the gut was studied in 24 pigs, eight from each treatment. For sensory profile evaluation (flavour, odour and tenderness) of pork loins from m. longissimus dorsi, 48 pigs (24 entire males and 24 females) were selected. The sensory evaluation of different qualities of flavour and odour as well as tenderness of cooked pork loins (LD) was done by a boar taint (skatole and androstenone) trained taste panel. To evaluate the odour and the flavour, a sensory profile analysis was performed which involved the following attributes: total off-odour/off-flavour, pig, urine, manure, naphthalene, rancid, sweet and sweat in the whole sample including both meat and fat.
Giving FLF to pigs significantly changed the microbiota in the gastro-intestinal tract compared with NPDF. In particular, the density of coliform bacteria was reduced in the gastro-intestinal tract of the pigs on FLF. Giving FLF demonstrated no effects on skatole concentration in caecum, colon, blood and backfat and boar odour attributes, whereas administration of FLF + ZB decreased the skatole concentrations and the typical boar odours, pig and manure odour, compared especially with the pigs on NPDF. However, meat from pigs given FLF either with or without zinc bacitracin had smaller but significantly worsened scores for three flavour attributes — pig flavour, rancid flavour and total off-flavour — compared with meat from NPDF pigs and the three flavour attributes were equally affected in both sexes. This seems to point to a significant worsening of meat flavour in pigs given FLF that is independent of sex and boar odour problems (skatole and androstenone).
Allele-specific expression of the PSP gene in the mouse sublingual glands
- JESPER LAURSEN, H. JAKOB LARSEN, THOMAS R. MIKKELSEN, J. PETER HJORTH
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- Journal:
- Genetical Research / Volume 71 / Issue 3 / June 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 June 1998, pp. 187-191
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There are two known alleles of the mouse parotid secretory protein (PSP) gene: Pspa and Pspb. Pspa is carried by DBA/2J mice and Pspb is carried by C57BL/6J mice. Eighty-eight mice derived from a F1(C57BL/6J×DBA/2J) to DBA/2J backcross were analysed for PSP mRNA expression in the sublingual glands. Expression was found in heterozygous mice only. This indicates that only Pspb is expressed in this tissue. Furthermore, it maps the allele-specific sublingual gland determinant within 3·4 cM of Psp. Previous analysis of Pspb identified an enhancer-like region in position −4·6 to −3·1 kb that was necessary for transgene expression in the sublingual glands. Here it is shown that the corresponding region in Pspa enhances transgene expression in the sublingual glands as efficiently. The implications for regulation of PSP mRNA expression in the sublingual glands are discussed.
Si3 N4/SiO2 Multi-Layer Reflecting Stacks for Photonic Switching Applications
- D.J. Stephens, S.S. He, G. Lucovsky, H. Mikkelsen, K. Leo
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 298 / 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 February 2011, 223
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- 1993
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We have fabricated stacked-structures comprised of i) fused silica substrates, and ii) near-periodic Si3N4/SiO2 bi-layers by low-temperature, 250°C, remote plasmaenhanced chemical-vapor deposition. Comparing the reflectance of these structures with model calculations, we have been able to identify the effects on the reflectance spectra of departures from i) exact periodicity, ii) not having the constituent dielectric layers each posses an ideal optical path length, OPL, exactly equal to λcentral/4, and iii) the intrinsic dispersion in the dielectric functions of the oxide and nitride materials. We have prepared quasi-periodic structures in which the OPL of the higher index Si3N4 layer was > λcentral/4, and in which the OPL of the lower index SiO2 layer was < λcentral/4. This promotes a second strong reflectance band at an energy that is approximately two times that of the primary band. Calculations have shown that the reflectance values in this band, and near a reflectance minimum on the high energy side of the band, are both very sensitive to changes in the optical properties of the nitride film. We present calculations that demonstrate the effects on the reflectance of this band by a temperature-induced modulation of the optical properties of the oxide and nitride layers.
Reactive Ion Etching Damage to Shallow Junctions
- I. W. Wu, R. H. Bruce, J. C. Mikkelsen, Jr, R. A. Street, T. Y. Huang, D. Braun
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 68 / 1986
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2011, 381
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- 1986
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The damage of reactive ion etching to shallow junctions is an important consideration in advanced technology.In this paper, the damage incurred during contact etch is studied, with emphasis on those defects responsible for junction leakage of shallow junctions.Shallow p+/n and n+/p junctions have been prepared with depths of 160 nm.Junction leakage measurements have been made for various amounts of silicon loss up to within 20 nm of the junctions by using a CHF3 + CO2 plasma.The degree of chemical and structural damage has been characterized by using photoluminescence, SIMS, and spreading carrier profiling.
The leakage current density was found to depend strongly on contact area and increase rapidly with junction etch depth after the etched surface has extended to within 80 nm of the junction boundary.The concentration and depth of damage increases with increasing plasma exposure until saturation.Etching induced defects are observed in photoluminescence, and one such defect is identified as a carbon interstitialcy.Enhanced diffusion effects were observed for both chemical contamination from the etch gas and the junction dopants.The spatial distribution of the chemical and structural damage has been found to correlate with the junction leakages.The annealing behavior of damage has also been investigated.